@book{gasser2024,
	address = {Bielefeld},
	series = {Edition {Museum}},
	title = {Digitale {Sammlungen}: {Anforderungen} an das digitalisierte {Kulturerbe}},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	isbn = {978-3-8376-7021-9},
	shorttitle = {Digitale {Sammlungen}},
	url = {https://www.transcript-verlag.de/978-3-8376-7021-9/digitale-sammlungen/},
	abstract = {Wie kann der Öffentlichkeit ein digitaler Zugang zu Sammlungen visuellen Kulturerbes ermöglicht werden? Diese Frage beschäftigt viele Museen, Archive und Bibliotheken, allerdings fehlen entsprechende Erhebungen, die bei der Umsetzung helfen könnten. Im Auftrag der Stiftung für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte (SKKG) in Winterthur widmet sich Sonja Gasser dieser Leerstelle und analysiert in einer Umfrage die Anforderungen zur digitalen Repräsentation von Sammlungen. Die Ergebnisse bieten Museen und anderen Kulturinstitutionen Orientierung und Inspiration - beispielsweise bei der Entwicklung oder Erweiterung eines digitalen Angebots und der Abstimmung digitaler Sammlungen auf die Bedürfnisse der Nutzenden},
	language = {de},
	number = {Band 81},
	urldate = {2024-01-06},
	publisher = {transcript},
	author = {Gasser, Sonja},
	editor = {Stiftung für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte},
	year = {2024},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839470213},
	keywords = {GLAM, Museum, digitale Sammlung, open access},
}

Wie kann der Öffentlichkeit ein digitaler Zugang zu Sammlungen visuellen Kulturerbes ermöglicht werden? Diese Frage beschäftigt viele Museen, Archive und Bibliotheken, allerdings fehlen entsprechende Erhebungen, die bei der Umsetzung helfen könnten. Im Auftrag der Stiftung für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte (SKKG) in Winterthur widmet sich Sonja Gasser dieser Leerstelle und analysiert in einer Umfrage die Anforderungen zur digitalen Repräsentation von Sammlungen. Die Ergebnisse bieten Museen und anderen Kulturinstitutionen Orientierung und Inspiration - beispielsweise bei der Entwicklung oder Erweiterung eines digitalen Angebots und der Abstimmung digitaler Sammlungen auf die Bedürfnisse der Nutzenden

@article{zaagsma_digital_2022,
	title = {Digital {History} and the {Politics} of {Digitization}},
	issn = {2055-7671},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqac050},
	doi = {10.1093/llc/fqac050},
	abstract = {Much has been made in recent years of the transformative potential of digital resources and historical data for historical research. Historians seem to be flooded with retro-digitized and born-digital materials and tend to take these for granted, grateful for the opportunities they afford. In a research environment that increasingly privileges what is available online, the questions of why, where, and how we can access what we can access, and how it affects historical research have become ever more urgent. This article proposes a framework through which to contextualize the politics of (digital) heritage preservation, and a model to analyse its most important political dimensions, drawing upon literature from the digital humanities and history as well as archival, library, and information science. The first part will outline the global dimensions of the politics of digital cultural heritage, focusing on developments between and within the Global North and South, framed within the broader context of the politics of heritage and its preservation. The second part surveys the history and current state of digitization and offers a structured analysis of the process of digitization and its political dimensions. Choices and decisions about selection for digitization, how to catalogue, classify, and what metadata to add are all political in nature and have political consequences, and the same is true for access. The article concludes with several recommendations and a plea to acknowledge the importance of digital cataloguing in enabling access to the global human record.},
	urldate = {2022-10-31},
	journal = {Digital Scholarship in the Humanities},
	author = {Zaagsma, Gerben},
	month = sep,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {fqac050},
}

Much has been made in recent years of the transformative potential of digital resources and historical data for historical research. Historians seem to be flooded with retro-digitized and born-digital materials and tend to take these for granted, grateful for the opportunities they afford. In a research environment that increasingly privileges what is available online, the questions of why, where, and how we can access what we can access, and how it affects historical research have become ever more urgent. This article proposes a framework through which to contextualize the politics of (digital) heritage preservation, and a model to analyse its most important political dimensions, drawing upon literature from the digital humanities and history as well as archival, library, and information science. The first part will outline the global dimensions of the politics of digital cultural heritage, focusing on developments between and within the Global North and South, framed within the broader context of the politics of heritage and its preservation. The second part surveys the history and current state of digitization and offers a structured analysis of the process of digitization and its political dimensions. Choices and decisions about selection for digitization, how to catalogue, classify, and what metadata to add are all political in nature and have political consequences, and the same is true for access. The article concludes with several recommendations and a plea to acknowledge the importance of digital cataloguing in enabling access to the global human record.

@article{hauswedell_global_2020,
	title = {Of global reach yet of situated contexts: an examination of the implicit and explicit selection criteria that shape digital archives of historical newspapers},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1573-7519},
	shorttitle = {Of global reach yet of situated contexts},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-020-09332-1},
	doi = {10.1007/s10502-020-09332-1},
	abstract = {A large literature addresses the processes, circumstances and motivations that have given rise to archives. These questions are increasingly being asked of digital archives, too. Here, we examine the complex interplay of institutional, intellectual, economic, technical, practical and social factors that have shaped decisions about the inclusion and exclusion of digitised newspapers in and from online archives. We do so by undertaking and analysing a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with public and private providers of major newspaper digitisation programmes. Our findings contribute to emerging understandings of factors that are rarely foregrounded or highlighted, yet fundamentally shape the depth and scope of digital cultural heritage archives and thus the questions that can be asked of them, now and in the future. Moreover, we draw attention to providers’ emphasis on meeting the needs of their end-users and how this is shaping the form and function of digital archives. The end user is not often emphasised in the wider literature on archival studies and we thus draw attention to the potential merit of this vector in future studies of digital archives.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2022-10-31},
	journal = {Archival Science},
	author = {Hauswedell, Tessa and Nyhan, Julianne and Beals, M. H. and Terras, Melissa and Bell, Emily},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {Critical heritage, Cultural heritage, Digitisation, Newspaper, Selection rationale},
	pages = {139--165},
}

A large literature addresses the processes, circumstances and motivations that have given rise to archives. These questions are increasingly being asked of digital archives, too. Here, we examine the complex interplay of institutional, intellectual, economic, technical, practical and social factors that have shaped decisions about the inclusion and exclusion of digitised newspapers in and from online archives. We do so by undertaking and analysing a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with public and private providers of major newspaper digitisation programmes. Our findings contribute to emerging understandings of factors that are rarely foregrounded or highlighted, yet fundamentally shape the depth and scope of digital cultural heritage archives and thus the questions that can be asked of them, now and in the future. Moreover, we draw attention to providers’ emphasis on meeting the needs of their end-users and how this is shaping the form and function of digital archives. The end user is not often emphasised in the wider literature on archival studies and we thus draw attention to the potential merit of this vector in future studies of digital archives.

@incollection{gold_against_2019,
	title = {Against {Cleaning} ({Chapter} 23)},
	isbn = {978-1-4529-6166-8 978-1-5179-0693-1},
	url = {https://dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/read/untitled-f2acf72c-a469-49d8-be35-67f9ac1e3a60/section/07154de9-4903-428e-9c61-7a92a6f22e51},
	urldate = {2020-01-14},
	booktitle = {Debates in the {Digital} {Humanities} 2019},
	publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
	author = {Rawson, Katie and Muñoz, Trevor},
	editor = {Gold, Matthew K. and Klein, Lauren F.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.5749/j.ctvg251hk},
}

@inproceedings{loboda_content-based_2019,
	title = {Content-based recommender systems for heritage: {Developing} a personalised museum tour},
	shorttitle = {Content-based recommender systems for heritage},
	url = {https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/contentbased-recommender-systems-for-heritage-developing-a-personalised-museum-tour(c483e751-bc3b-40f6-a0e2-65d364416d4a).html},
	abstract = {Description},
	language = {English},
	urldate = {2020-01-02},
	booktitle = {Proc. 1st {International} ‘{Alan} {Turing}’ {Conference} on {Decision} {Support} and {Recommender} {Systems} ({DSRS}-{Turing} 2019)},
	author = {Loboda, Olga and Nyhan, Julianne and Mahony, Simon and Romano, Daniela and Terras, Melissa},
	month = nov,
	year = {2019},
}

Description

@article{kizhner_accessing_2019,
	title = {Accessing {Russian} culture online: {The} scope of digitization in museums across {Russia}},
	volume = {34},
	issn = {2055-7671, 2055-768X},
	shorttitle = {Accessing {Russian} culture online},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/dsh/article/34/2/350/5104166},
	doi = {10.1093/llc/fqy035},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2020-01-02},
	journal = {Digital Scholarship in the Humanities},
	author = {Kizhner, Inna and Terras, Melissa and Rumyantsev, Maxim and Sycheva, Kristina and Rudov, Ivan},
	month = jun,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {350--367},
}

@article{kizhner_measuring_2019,
	title = {Measuring bias in aggregated digitised content: {A} case study on {Google} arts and culture},
	shorttitle = {Measuring bias in aggregated digitised content},
	url = {https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/measuring-bias-in-aggregated-digitised-content(12598a3e-8645-42cc-9e24-9be85ecce8eb).html},
	abstract = {Description},
	language = {English},
	urldate = {2020-01-02},
	journal = {Digital Humanities 2019, Utrecht},
	author = {Kizhner, Inna and Terras, Melissa and Rumyantsev, Maxim and Khokhlova, Valentina and Demeshkova, Elizaveta},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
}

Description

@book{flanders_shape_2018,
	address = {Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. {\textbar} Series: Digital research in the arts and humanities},
	edition = {1},
	title = {The {Shape} of {Data} in the {Digital} {Humanities}: {Modeling} {Texts} and {Text}-based {Resources}},
	isbn = {978-1-315-55294-1},
	shorttitle = {The {Shape} of {Data} in the {Digital} {Humanities}},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781317016151},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-01-14},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	editor = {Flanders, Julia and Jannidis, Fotis},
	month = nov,
	year = {2018},
	doi = {10.4324/9781315552941},
}

@inproceedings{valeonti_reaping_2018,
	title = {Reaping the {Benefits} of {Digitisation}: {Pilot} study exploring revenue generation from digitised collections through technological innovation},
	shorttitle = {Reaping the {Benefits} of {Digitisation}},
	url = {https://scienceopen.com/document?vid=72172cf4-9b91-46cc-a494-bf95694a8610},
	doi = {10.14236/ewic/EVA2018.11},
	urldate = {2020-01-02},
	author = {Valeonti, Foteini and Hudson-Smith, Andrew and Terras, Melissa and Zarkali, Chrysanthi},
	month = jul,
	year = {2018},
}

@article{manzuchEthicalIssuesDigitization2017,
	series = {Journal of {Contemporary} {Archival} {Studies}},
	title = {Ethical {Issues} {In} {Digitization} {Of} {Cultural} {Heritage}},
	volume = {Vol. 4; Article 4},
	url = {https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/jcas/vol4/iss2/4/?utm_source=elischolar.library.yale.edu%2Fjcas%2Fvol4%2Fiss2%2F4&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages},
	abstract = {The growing number of case studies on the ethical issues faced in cultural heritage digitization calls for a discussion of this generally neglected dimension of digitization. The importance of the ethical dimension is also supported by implicit and explicit assumptions that well-established approaches to ethics in archives, libraries, and museums do not work with digitization. The aim of this paper is to determine what ethical issues arise in cultural heritage digitization and how they affect methods of decision-making and organizing digitization. The paper identifies and discusses several areas of concern that have caused ethical issues in digitization. They include contextual factors, such as the emergence of digital community archives that have stimulated changes in approaches to digitization in memory institutions; new ways of organizing digitization activities, such as introducing new funding models; and specific features of digital content, such as ease of sharing and manipulation of digital content and online engagement with heritage items in a global digital environment. Biases in selection and interpretation, access, privacy, online engagement with heritage content, and authenticity were identified. It is concluded that ethical issues in digitization encouraged a deeper understanding of memory institutions’ roles in higher level social processes. These changes have shifted the focus of digitization from heritage objects to people who create, own, or use them, or who are their subjects. Memory institutions increasingly realize that digital technologies can have both inclusive and exclusive effects on heritage services and practice participatory approaches to ethical decision-making. The paper recognizes the challenges in realizing the idea of participatory and empathetic institutions as well as managing digitization in terms of organization, time, and costs.},
	language = {en},
	number = {Vol. 4},
	journal = {Governance of Digital Memories in the Era of Big Data},
	author = {Manžuch, Zinaida},
	year = {2017},
}

The growing number of case studies on the ethical issues faced in cultural heritage digitization calls for a discussion of this generally neglected dimension of digitization. The importance of the ethical dimension is also supported by implicit and explicit assumptions that well-established approaches to ethics in archives, libraries, and museums do not work with digitization. The aim of this paper is to determine what ethical issues arise in cultural heritage digitization and how they affect methods of decision-making and organizing digitization. The paper identifies and discusses several areas of concern that have caused ethical issues in digitization. They include contextual factors, such as the emergence of digital community archives that have stimulated changes in approaches to digitization in memory institutions; new ways of organizing digitization activities, such as introducing new funding models; and specific features of digital content, such as ease of sharing and manipulation of digital content and online engagement with heritage items in a global digital environment. Biases in selection and interpretation, access, privacy, online engagement with heritage content, and authenticity were identified. It is concluded that ethical issues in digitization encouraged a deeper understanding of memory institutions’ roles in higher level social processes. These changes have shifted the focus of digitization from heritage objects to people who create, own, or use them, or who are their subjects. Memory institutions increasingly realize that digital technologies can have both inclusive and exclusive effects on heritage services and practice participatory approaches to ethical decision-making. The paper recognizes the challenges in realizing the idea of participatory and empathetic institutions as well as managing digitization in terms of organization, time, and costs.

@article{tabak_hybrid_2017,
	title = {A {Hybrid} {Model} for {Managing} {DH} {Projects}},
	volume = {011},
	issn = {1938-4122},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Digital Humanities Quarterly},
	author = {Tabak, Edin},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
}

@article{Abbott2017,
	title = {The ‘time machine’ reconstructing ancient {Venice}’s social networks},
	volume = {546},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/news/the-time-machine-reconstructing-ancient-venice-s-social-networks-1.22147},
	doi = {10/gffj6w},
	abstract = {Machine-learning project will analyse 1,000 years of maps and manuscripts from the floating city's golden age.},
	number = {7658},
	urldate = {2017-06-15},
	journal = {Nature News},
	author = {Abbott, Alison},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	note = {00000},
	pages = {341},
}

Machine-learning project will analyse 1,000 years of maps and manuscripts from the floating city's golden age.

@misc{dejan_document_2017,
	title = {Document {Analysis} and {Layout} {Using} {Sequential} {Pattern} {Mining} {Techniques}},
	url = {http://www.xrce.xerox.com/Blog/Document-Analysis-and-Layout-Using-Sequential-Pattern-Mining-Techniques},
	abstract = {Document Analysis and Layout Using Sequential Pattern Mining Techniques},
	urldate = {2017-02-22},
	journal = {XRCE Blog},
	author = {Dejan, Hervé},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
}

Document Analysis and Layout Using Sequential Pattern Mining Techniques

@incollection{biscione_basilicastle:_2016,
	title = {{BasiliCastle}: the digital {Atlas} of {Castles} in {Basilicata} ({Southern} {Italy})},
	shorttitle = {{BasiliCastle}},
	booktitle = {Defensive architecture of the {Mediterranean} {XV} to {XVIII} centuries 4},
	author = {Biscione, Marilisa and Danese, Maria and Scavone, Manuela and u.a},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {537--544},
}

@incollection{volkmann_archaeological_2016,
	title = {Archaeological {Information} {Systems} ({AIS}) for {Digital} {Cultural} {Heritage} {Management}: {Identifying} {Prehistoric} {Iron} {Age} and {Early} {Middle} {Ages} {Settlement} {Dynamics} in the {Lower} {Oder} {Region}},
	volume = {1},
	shorttitle = {Archaeological {Information} {Systems} ({AIS}) for {Digital} {Cultural} {Heritage} {Management}},
	booktitle = {Die frühen {Slawen} - von der {Expansion} zu gentes und nationes},
	author = {Volkmann, Armin},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {91--107},
}

@article{brugnoli_codice_2014,
	title = {Codice digitale degli archivi veronesi ({VIII}-{XII} secolo)},
	author = {Brugnoli, Andrea},
	year = {2014},
}

@article{brugnoli_codice_2014-1,
	title = {Codice digitale degli archivi veronesi. {Uno} strumento di ricerca},
	volume = {15},
	journal = {Reti medievali},
	author = {Brugnoli, Andrea},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {279--300},
}

@phdthesis{beyer_codex_2013,
	address = {[Universität Wien]},
	title = {Codex {Sangallensis} 1092: der {Klosterplan} von {St}. {Gallen} im {Lichte} digitaler und bautechnischer {Untersuchungen}},
	shorttitle = {Codex {Sangallensis} 1092},
	author = {Beyer, Uwe},
	year = {2013},
}

@phdthesis{smishkewych_online_2013,
	address = {[University of Limerick]},
	title = {An online digital facsimile of the {Lugo} {Codex}},
	author = {Smishkewych, Wolodymyr Joseph},
	year = {2013},
}

@incollection{guldi_reinventing_2013,
	title = {Reinventing the {Academic} {Journal}},
	isbn = {978-0-472-07198-2 978-0-472-02947-1},
	url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.12172434.0001.001},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-01-02},
	booktitle = {Hacking the {Academy}: {New} {Approaches} to {Scholarship} and {Teaching} from {Digital} {Humanities}},
	publisher = {University of Michigan Press},
	author = {Guldi, Jo},
	year = {2013},
	doi = {10.3998/dh.12172434.0001.001},
	pages = {25--27},
}

@article{kruger_zur_2013,
	title = {Zur {Digitalisierung} der {Lorscher} {Handschriften}},
	volume = {17},
	journal = {Heidelberg. Jahrbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt},
	author = {Krüger, Enno},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {271--274},
}

@article{gottwald_airborne_2013,
	title = {Airborne {Laser} {Scanning} in {Hessen} - neue {Erkenntnisse} zu bekannten (und unbekannten) {Denkmälern}: {Möglichkeiten} der digitalen {Prospektion} mittels {Laserabtastung} in der archäologischen {Inventarisation}},
	shorttitle = {Airborne {Laser} {Scanning} in {Hessen} - neue {Erkenntnisse} zu bekannten (und unbekannten) {Denkmälern}},
	journal = {Hessen-Archäologie},
	author = {Gottwald, Michael},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {243--245},
}

@article{hodel_kleine_2013,
	title = {Das kleine {Digitale}. {Ein} {Plädoyer} für {Kleinkorpora} und gegen {Großprojekte} wie googles ngram {Viewer}},
	volume = {9},
	shorttitle = {Kleinkorpora},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh-82205},
	journal = {Nach Feierabend},
	author = {Hodel, Tobias},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {103--119},
}

@misc{zorich_transitioning_2012,
	title = {Transitioning to a {Digital} {World}: {Art} {History}, {Its} {Research} {Centers}, and {Digital} {Scholarship}},
	url = {http://www.kressfoundation.org/uploadedFiles/Sponsored_Research/Research/Zorich_TransitioningDigitalWorld.pdf},
	abstract = {A Report to the
The Samuel H. Kress Foundation and
The Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media George Mason University},
	author = {Zorich, Diane M.},
	year = {2012},
}

A Report to the The Samuel H. Kress Foundation and The Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media George Mason University

@article{guldi_history_2012,
	title = {The {History} of {Walking} and the {Digital} {Turn}: {Stride} and {Lounge} in {London}, 1808–1851},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {0022-2801, 1537-5358},
	shorttitle = {The {History} of {Walking} and the {Digital} {Turn}},
	url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/663350},
	doi = {10.1086/663350},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2020-01-21},
	journal = {The Journal of Modern History},
	author = {Guldi, Joanna},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {116--144},
}

@incollection{wagner_collecting_2012,
	title = {Collecting, {Cataloguing}, and {Digitizing} {Incunabula}. {Activities} and {Projects} of the {Bayerische} {Staatsbibliothek} {Munich}},
	booktitle = {Tra i libri del passato e le tecnologie del presente},
	author = {Wagner, Bettina},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {31--46},
}

@incollection{vetch_between_2012,
	title = {Between text and image: digital renderings of a late medieval city},
	shorttitle = {Between text and image},
	booktitle = {Digitizing medieval and early modern material culture},
	author = {Vetch, Paul},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {363--394},
}

@incollection{hutchison_information_2012,
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	title = {An {Information} {System} for {Medieval} {Archaeology} {Based} on {Photogrammetry} and {Archaeological} {Database}: {The} {Shawbak} {Castle} {Project}},
	volume = {7616},
	isbn = {978-3-642-34233-2 978-3-642-34234-9},
	shorttitle = {An {Information} {System} for {Medieval} {Archaeology} {Based} on {Photogrammetry} and {Archaeological} {Database}},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-34234-9_12},
	urldate = {2018-08-14},
	booktitle = {Progress in {Cultural} {Heritage} {Preservation}},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	author = {Drap, Pierre and Merad, Djamal and Seinturier, Julien and Boï, Jean-Marc and Peloso, Daniela and Vannini, Guido and Nucciotti, Michele and Pruno, Elisa},
	editor = {Hutchison, David and Kanade, Takeo and Kittler, Josef and Kleinberg, Jon M. and Mattern, Friedemann and Mitchell, John C. and Naor, Moni and Nierstrasz, Oscar and Pandu Rangan, C. and Steffen, Bernhard and Sudan, Madhu and Terzopoulos, Demetri and Tygar, Doug and Vardi, Moshe Y. and Weikum, Gerhard and Ioannides, Marinos and Fritsch, Dieter and Leissner, Johanna and Davies, Rob and Remondino, Fabio and Caffo, Rossella},
	year = {2012},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-34234-9_12},
	pages = {119--128},
}

@article{probst_alte_2012,
	title = {Alte {Bücher} - neue {Medien}: die {Digitalisierung} wertvoller {Texte} aus dem {Mittelalter}},
	volume = {1},
	shorttitle = {Alte {Bücher} - neue {Medien}},
	journal = {Ruperto-Carola},
	author = {Probst, Veit},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {117--121},
}

@incollection{pigney_virtial_2012,
	title = {A virtial museum or e-research? {British} printed images to 1700 and the digitalization of {Early} {Modern} prints},
	shorttitle = {A virtial museum or e-research?},
	booktitle = {Digitizing medieval and early modern material culture},
	author = {Pigney, Stephen},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {287--312},
}

@incollection{ruckert_wurttembergische_2011,
	title = {Das "{Württembergische} {Urkundenbuch} {Online}": {Bestandssicherung} mittelalterlicher {Urkunden} durch digitale {Aufbereitung}},
	shorttitle = {Das "{Württembergische} {Urkundenbuch} {Online}"},
	booktitle = {Papsturkunden des frühen und hohen {Mittelalters}. Äußere {Merkmale}, {Konservierung}, {Restaurierung}},
	author = {Rückert, Maria Magdalena},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {75--94},
}

@article{rudy2010,
	title = {Dirty {Books}: {Quantifying} {Patterns} of {Use} in {Medieval} {Manuscripts} {Using} a {Densitometer}},
	volume = {2},
	shorttitle = {Books},
	url = {http://www.jhna.org/index.php/past-issues/volume-2-issue-1-2/129-dirty-books},
	doi = {10.5092/jhna.2010.2.1.1},
	number = {1-2},
	journal = {Journal of Historians of Netherlandish Art},
	author = {Rudy, Kathryn M.},
	year = {2010},
}

@article{kellner_vom_2010,
	title = {Vom digitalen {Faksimile} zur {Online}-{Edition}: das {Projekt} der {Digitalisierung} und {Neuerschließung} der wertvollsten {Freisinger} {Amtsbücher} im {Bayerischen} {Hauptstaatsarchiv}},
	volume = {6},
	shorttitle = {Vom digitalen {Faksimile} zur {Online}-{Edition}},
	journal = {Archive in Bayern},
	author = {Kellner, Stephan and Krah, Adelheid},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {149--164},
}

@incollection{terras_artefacts_2010,
	title = {Artefacts and {Errors}: {Acknowledging} {Issues} of {Representation} in the {Digital} {Imaging} of {Ancient} {Texts}},
	volume = {2},
	shorttitle = {Artefacts and {Errors}},
	booktitle = {Kodikologie und {Paläographie} im {Digitalen} {Zeitalter}},
	author = {Terras, Melissa},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {43--64},
}

@article{paisey_aspekte_2010,
	title = {Aspekte zur {Digitalisierung} und {Erschliessung} der {Druckgraphik} anhand des {VD} 17},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {0067-8236},
	journal = {Bibliothek und Wissenschaft: Ein Jahrbuch herausgegeben von Heidelberger Bibliothekaren},
	author = {Paisey, David},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {167--171},
}

@incollection{ruckert_wurttembergische_2009,
	title = {Das "{Württembergische} {Urkundenbuch} {OnIine}" im {Netzwerk} digitaler {Urkundenpräsentationen}},
	booktitle = {Digitale {Diplomatik}. {Neue} {Technologien} in der historischen {Arbeit} mit {Urkunden}},
	author = {Rückert, Maria Magdalena and Wurthmann, Nicola},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {130--145},
}

@article{geiss_bilder_2009,
	title = {Bilder über {Bilder}. {Erfahrungen} mit der datenbankgestützten {Digitalisierung} mittelalterlicher {Handschriften} im {Greifswalder} {Erschließungsprojekt}},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {0949-0345},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Das Mittelalter: Perspektiven mediävistischer Forschung},
	author = {Geiss, Jürgen},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {136--145},
}

@incollection{joergens_biographie_2009,
	title = {Biographie, {Genealogie} und {Archive} gemeinsam im digitalen {Zeitalter}. {Die} {Detmolder} {Sommergespräche} als {Diskussionsforum} - eine {Einleitung}},
	booktitle = {Biographie, {Genealogie} und {Archive} gemeinsam im digitalen {Zeitalter}},
	author = {Joergens, Bettina},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {9--22},
}

@article{kwasnitza_introduction_2009,
	title = {An introduction to the {Virtual} {Manuscript} {Library} of {Switzerland}: e-codices},
	volume = {53},
	issn = {1366-0691},
	shorttitle = {An introduction to the {Virtual} {Manuscript} {Library} of {Switzerland}},
	doi = {10.1179/136606909X12458556541257},
	journal = {Medieval Sermon Studies},
	author = {Kwasnitza, Stefan},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {43--44},
}

@incollection{gervasi_integrated_2009,
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	title = {An {Integrated} {Methodology} for {Medieval} {Landscape} {Reconstruction}: {The} {Case} {Study} of {Monte} {Serico}},
	volume = {5592},
	isbn = {978-3-642-02453-5 978-3-642-02454-2},
	shorttitle = {An {Integrated} {Methodology} for {Medieval} {Landscape} {Reconstruction}},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-02454-2_23},
	urldate = {2018-08-14},
	booktitle = {Computational {Science} and {Its} {Applications} – {ICCSA} 2009},
	publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
	author = {Danese, Maria and Biscione, Marilisa and Coluzzi, Rossella and Lasaponara, Rosa and Murgante, Beniamino and Masini, Nicola},
	editor = {Gervasi, Osvaldo and Taniar, David and Murgante, Beniamino and Laganà, Antonio and Mun, Youngsong and Gavrilova, Marina L.},
	year = {2009},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-02454-2_23},
	pages = {328--340},
}

@inproceedings{licata_ink_2009,
	address = {Cairo, Egypt},
	title = {An ink texture descriptor for {NIR}-imaged medieval documents},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-5653-6},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5413820/},
	doi = {10.1109/ICIP.2009.5413820},
	urldate = {2018-08-14},
	booktitle = {2009 16th {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Image} {Processing} ({ICIP})},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	author = {Licata, Aaron and Psarrou, Alexandra and Kokla, Vassiliki},
	month = nov,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {1997--2000},
}

@inproceedings{smith_overview_2007,
	title = {An overview of the {Tesseract} {OCR} {Engine}},
	url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/citations;jsessionid=AAB38E66107B59FAC554EC4673540161?doi=10.1.1.308.445},
	abstract = {CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): The Tesseract OCR engine, as was the HP Research Prototype in the UNLV Fourth Annual Test of OCR Accuracy[1], is described in a comprehensive overview. Emphasis is placed on aspects that are novel or at least unusual in an OCR engine, including in particular the line finding, features/classification methods, and the adaptive classifier. 1. Introduction – Motivation},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2021-06-01},
	author = {Smith, Ray and Inc, Google},
	year = {2007},
}

CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): The Tesseract OCR engine, as was the HP Research Prototype in the UNLV Fourth Annual Test of OCR Accuracy[1], is described in a comprehensive overview. Emphasis is placed on aspects that are novel or at least unusual in an OCR engine, including in particular the line finding, features/classification methods, and the adaptive classifier. 1. Introduction – Motivation

@incollection{guldi_map_2007,
	title = {A {Map} of the {Virtual} {Territory}: {Individual} and society in the 21st 2           century},
	copyright = {by Wikiklesia Press (Standard-Urheberrechtslizenz)},
	abstract = {"Uttered like a prayer retrieved from the year 2030, spoken in a new tongue, a new form. Listen!"  - Kevin Kelly, Co-Founder / Executive Editor WIRED Magazine. 

VOICES explores the growing influence of technology on the global Christian church. We hear from more than forty influential voices, including technologists and theologians, entrepreneurs and pastors... from a progressive Episcopalian techno-monk to a leading Mennonite professor... from a tech-savvy mobile missionary to a corporate anthropologist whom Worth Magazine calls "one of Wall Street's 25 Smartest Players." Voices is a far reaching exploration of spiritual journey within a culture of increasingly immersive technology. 364 pgs (paperback)

Everyone should read this book. For those who truly cannot afford it, contact an editor for a free e-copy: lenhjal@telus.net / jl@jps.net. More information @ wikiklesia.org.

ALL proceeds donated to the Not For Sale Campaign, dedicated to ending human slavery in  our time.},
	language = {Englisch},
	booktitle = {Voices of the {Virtual} {World}: {Participative} {Technology} and the {Ecclesial} {Revolution}},
	publisher = {Wikiklesia Press},
	author = {Guldi, Jo},
	month = sep,
	year = {2007},
}

"Uttered like a prayer retrieved from the year 2030, spoken in a new tongue, a new form. Listen!" - Kevin Kelly, Co-Founder / Executive Editor WIRED Magazine. VOICES explores the growing influence of technology on the global Christian church. We hear from more than forty influential voices, including technologists and theologians, entrepreneurs and pastors... from a progressive Episcopalian techno-monk to a leading Mennonite professor... from a tech-savvy mobile missionary to a corporate anthropologist whom Worth Magazine calls "one of Wall Street's 25 Smartest Players." Voices is a far reaching exploration of spiritual journey within a culture of increasingly immersive technology. 364 pgs (paperback) Everyone should read this book. For those who truly cannot afford it, contact an editor for a free e-copy: lenhjal@telus.net / jl@jps.net. More information @ wikiklesia.org. ALL proceeds donated to the Not For Sale Campaign, dedicated to ending human slavery in our time.

@incollection{schopf_virtuelle_2006,
	address = {St. Pölten},
	title = {Das “virtuelle” {Urkundenarchiv} des {Erzstiftes} {Salzburg}},
	isbn = {978-3-901863-26-4},
	booktitle = {Alte {Archive} -- {Neue} {Technologien}/ {Old} {Archives} -- {New} {Technologies}. {Ed}. {Aigner}, {Thomas} \& {Winter}, {Karin}, {St}. {Pölten} : {Bischöfliches} {Ordinariat} {St}. {Pölten}, {Diözesanarchiv}, 2006. 280 {Pp}.},
	publisher = {Bischöfliches Ordinariat St. Pölten, Diözesanarchiv},
	author = {Schopf, Hubert},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {228--234},
}

@article{mcgillivray_bernard_2006,
	title = {Bernard {J}. {Muir}, ed. 2004. \textit{{A} digital facsimile of {Oxford}, {Bodleian} {Library} {MS}. {Junius} 11}. {Software} by {Nick} {Kennedy}. {Bodleian} {Library} {Digital} {Texts} 1. {Oxford}: {Bodleian} {Library}},
	volume = {2},
	copyright = {Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:    Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution License  that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.  Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.  Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See  The Effect of Open Access ).  All third-party images reproduced on this journal are shared under Educational Fair Use. For more information on  Educational Fair Use , please see  this useful checklist prepared by Columbia University Libraries .   All copyright  of third-party content posted here for research purposes belongs to its original owners.  Unless otherwise stated all references to characters and comic art presented on this journal are ©, ® or ™ of their respective owners. No challenge to any owner’s rights is intended or should be inferred.},
	issn = {1715-0736},
	shorttitle = {Bernard {J}. {Muir}, ed. 2004. \textit{{A} digital facsimile of {Oxford}, {Bodleian} {Library} {MS}. {Junius} 11}. {Software} by {Nick} {Kennedy}. {Bodleian} {Library} {Digital} {Texts} 1. {Oxford}},
	url = {http://journal.digitalmedievalist.org//articles/10.16995/dm.14/},
	doi = {10.16995/dm.14},
	abstract = {This CD-ROM digital facsimile of one of the most important manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon period offers outstanding functionality. It presents very high resolution photographs of the entire manuscript including binding and binding strips, close-ups of initials, a full transcription linked to the images, translations of all of the poems in the manuscript, introductory essays including commentary on the illustrations, and a full search facility. This CD is at once a substantial advance in digital editing practice and an important contribution to Old English literary and art-historical studies.},
	language = {en},
	number = {0},
	urldate = {2018-03-08},
	journal = {Digital Medievalist},
	author = {McGillivray, Murray},
	month = may,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Muir, Bernard, Oxford, Bodleian Library, Junius 11 (Anglo-Saxon Manuscript), critical editions, editorial theory, layout and presentation},
}

This CD-ROM digital facsimile of one of the most important manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon period offers outstanding functionality. It presents very high resolution photographs of the entire manuscript including binding and binding strips, close-ups of initials, a full transcription linked to the images, translations of all of the poems in the manuscript, introductory essays including commentary on the illustrations, and a full search facility. This CD is at once a substantial advance in digital editing practice and an important contribution to Old English literary and art-historical studies.

@incollection{nichols_artifact_2006,
	title = {An {Artifact} by {Any} {Other} {Name}: {Digital} {Surrogates} of {Medieval} {Manuscripts}},
	shorttitle = {An {Artifact} by {Any} {Other} {Name}},
	booktitle = {Archives, documentation, and institutions of social memory},
	author = {Nichols, Stephen G.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {134--143},
}

@incollection{gartner_zur_2005,
	title = {Zur {Digitalisierung} des {Corpus} der altdeutschen {Originalurkunden} bis zum {Jahr} 1300},
	booktitle = {Buch und {Internet} (2005)},
	author = {Gärtner, Kurt and Gniffke, Andreas and Rapp, Andrea},
	year = {2005},
}

@incollection{schulze_begann_2005,
	title = {Begann die {Neuzeit} mit dem {Buchdruck}?: {Ist} die Ära der {Typographie} im {Zeitalter} der digitalen {Medien} endgültig vorbei?},
	shorttitle = {Begann die {Neuzeit} mit dem {Buchdruck}?},
	booktitle = {Kommunikation und {Medien} in der {Frühen} {Neuzeit}},
	author = {Schulze, Winfried},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {11--38},
}

@article{gobel_vom_2003,
	title = {Vom {Codex} zum {Cyberspace}: die virtuelle {Bibel}},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {0006-2022},
	shorttitle = {Vom {Codex} zum {Cyberspace}},
	number = {1-2},
	journal = {Biblos: Beiträge zu Buch, Bibliothek und Schrift},
	author = {Göbel, Erhard},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {47--57},
}

@article{schassan_codices_2003,
	title = {Codices {Electronici} {Ecclesiae} {Coloniensis}. {Ein} bibliothekarisches {Digitalisierungsprojekt}},
	volume = {56},
	journal = {Der Archivar},
	author = {Schassan, Thorsten},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {33--37},
}

@article{schassan_codices_2002,
	title = {Codices {Electronici} {Ecclesiae} {Coloniensis}. {Eine} digitale {Handschriftenbibliothek}.},
	volume = {40},
	journal = {Gazette du livre médiéval},
	author = {Schassan, Thorsten},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {45--50},
}

@book{thaller_codices_2001,
	address = {Göttingen},
	series = {Fundus. {Beiheft}},
	title = {Codices {Electronici} {Ecclesiae} {Coloniensis}},
	volume = {1},
	url = {978-3-89744-178-1},
	author = {Thaller, Manfred},
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Digitalisierung, Dombibliothek, Köln},
}

@article{deahl_accessing_2001,
	title = {Accessing digital images: sources for {Christian} art on the internet},
	volume = {4},
	shorttitle = {Accessing digital images},
	journal = {Journal of religious and theological information},
	author = {Deahl, Elizabeth Davis},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {105--125},
}

@article{faulhaber_admyte:_1990,
	title = {{ADMYTE}: {Archivio} {Digital} de {Manuscritos} y {Textos} {Españoles}.},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {0193-3892},
	shorttitle = {{ADMYTE}},
	number = {2},
	journal = {La Corónica: Spanish Medieval Language and Literature Journal and Newsletter: (later La Corónica: A Journal of Medieval Spanish Language and Literature)},
	author = {Faulhaber, Charles Bailey and Marcos-Marín, Francisco A.},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {131--145},
}